Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer happens when the cell growth within the bladder get out of control. Bladder carcinomas usually develop on the inner layer of the bladder, and some of these cancers will get into the deeper layers. As the cancer continues to grow, treatment is more difficult. Along the bladder lining where the tumors begin, tumor growth can actually get into the whole urinary system along with the kidneys. Different types of bladder cancers Most people have what is called transitional cell cancer. This is also called urothelial carcinoma. There are also types called adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Depending on what type of these cancers are found is how it's treated. Risk factors Smoking carries a risk, and is in fact the biggest risk for this problem as in those people who don't smoke. Exposures to chemicals that are used in making dyes are related to causing this cancer problem. Any chemicals used in making rubber, leather, printing materials, or paint products can trigger this. Race factors People that are caucasion are more likely than are African Americans. Age Risk increases as you get older. Gender Women are more likely then men according to statistics. Bladder inflammation that is chronic. When you have a lot of urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and bladder stones, this can possibly be linked to the problem. Personal family history Family members that have had this cancer, are likely to pass it on through the generations. Birth defects can cause this problem, There can be a connection between the belly button and the bladder, which does not do as it should before birth. Arsenic can cause this cancer from drinking water. Symptoms The most common sign of this cancer is blood in the urine. This is known as gross hematuria. Other problems of the urinary tract though, can also cause hematuria. There may also be pain during urination and an urgency to always be going. This again, may mean a urinary tract or kidney infection. If this cancer type is suspected. Doctors will run an ultrasound, CT scans, IVP which is an intravenous pylogram, and MRI's. An IVP can find problems within the bladder wall that would mean a cancer. A urologist will also view insides of the bladder with a cystoscope to remove tissue samples for biopsy. A test known as urine cytology will be done to find cancer cells in urine. Types of tumors There are 3 basic kinds of bladder cancer tumors. These are: Papillary tumors. These tumors will stand out from the bladder lining on a stalk. These tumors will tend to grow into the bladder cavity, and away from the bladder wall. Sessile tumors are the ones that lie flat against the bladder lining. These tumors are highly likely to grow deeper into the wall of the bladder. Carcinoma in situ is a more flat tumor that is a cancerous patch. It may look normal, or inflamed. Treatment for Bladder Cancers Bladder carcinomas are treated with chemotherapy. Chemo treatment plays a major role. Sometimes the bladder is removed and replaced with an artificial type of bladder, (a stoma), that can hold urine. This is the last resort, or if the cancer is very far in stages, it can be done provided the cancer hasn't yet metastasized into other organs. The video below gives more information.
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